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ENGINEERING GUIDES:
| HARDENED STEEL AND HARD ALLOYS | ALLOY CONTENT IN STEEL |
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SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF:
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Low Carbon Steel |
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Medium Carbon Steel |
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High Carbon Steel |
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THE TEN COMMON CATEGORIES OF TOOL STEEL
| Category | Description |
Materials Designation |
| A |
Air Hardening |
A2,A3,A4,A5,A6 |
| D |
Oil or Air Hardening (High Carbon, High Chromium) |
Dl, D2, D3, D4 D5, & D7 |
| H |
Hot Working (Chromium,Tungsten, Molybdenum) |
H10, Hll, H12, H13, H 14, H16, H19, H20, H21, H22, H23, H24, H25, H26, H27, H41, H42 & H43 |
| L | Special Purpose (Low Alloy | L2, L3, L6, & L7 |
| M | High Speed (Molybdenum) | Ml, M2, M3(i), M3(ii), M4, M6, M7, MIO, M15, M30, M33, M34, M36, M41, M42, M43, M44, M46, M47 & M50 |
| O | Oil Hardening | 01, 02,06, & 07 |
| P | Mold Making | P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P20 & 21 |
| S | Shock Resisting | Sl, S2, S5 & S7 |
| T | High Speed (Tungsten) | TI, T2. T3, T4, T5. T6, T7, T8, T9 & T15 |
| W | Water Hardening | WI, W2 & W5 |
In the examples shown above, Wl would refer to a water hardened tool steel (the W is the identifier and 1 refers to the composition/type of water hardened tool steel).
COMMON ALLOYING ELEMENT EFFECTS ON STEEL
| Alloy Element | Effect on Steel |
| Aluminum | Deoxidation - Ease of Nitriding |
| Boron | Hardenability |
| Carbon | Hardness - Strength - Wear |
| Chromium | Corrosion Resistance - Hardenability |
| Cobalt | Hardness - Wear |
| Columbium | Elimination of Carbide Precipitation |
| Copper | Corrosion Resistance - Strength |
| Lead | Machinability |
| Manganese | Strength - Hardenability - More Response To Heat Treatment |
| Molybdenum | High Temperature Strength - Hardenability |
| Nickel | Toughness - Strength - Hardenability |
| Phosphorus | Strength |
| Silicon | Deoxidation - Hardenability |
| Sulfur | Machinability |
| Tellurium | Machinability |
| Titanium | Elimination of Carbide Precipitation |
| Vanadium | Fine Grain - Toughness |
(information provided courtesy of Industrial Heating Thermal Processing Databook 1998)
